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contrapuntal instrumental music and instruments in the Middle Ages

During the twelfth century references, descriptions and illustrations of musical instruments are many. This may seem odd considering that most of the compositions were written for voices. However, it was found that in daily practice the compositions were performed by both singers and instrumentalists from with double or substitutions. This explains the fact that, before the sixteenth century, the manuscripts containing instrumental compositions were very few because the author composed his piece for voices, but he was conscious of the fact that same song was also performed by instrumentalists. The most famous codes containing these songs are the oldest manuscript of the fourteenth century containing a dozen dances in preparation monodic (British Museum), Robertsbridge Codex (music for keyboard instruments) and the Codex Faenza (or Code Bonadies). the most authoritative sources for knowledge of instrumental music and medieval instruments are the Treaty of Johannes de Grocheo and Tractatum de Music of Jerome of Moravia.
The most important instrument of the Middle Ages was body . In the XII-XV were shown two different bodies: the portative and positive. Among chordophones remember the Exchequer (or Echiquier) and struck stringed plucked psaltery. Among string instruments include: the crotta (or broken) (the oldest), the fiddle (most common), the rebec and the jig. Among the wind instruments are cited: the trumpet, trombone, cornet in the wood flutes rights and stringers. They were also used the harp and various percussion instruments .